What is the difference between hard water and soft water?

Hard water is characterized by its elevated levels of dissolved minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium ions. These minerals come from the natural geological formations that water passes through, resulting in higher concentrations that can affect both its physical properties and its behavior in plumbing systems. On the other hand, soft water is defined by its low mineral content, which typically results from either the absence of these minerals in the source water or through processes designed to reduce these minerals, such as ion exchange.

The distinction between hard and soft water is important for several reasons. Hard water can lead to scaling in pipes and appliances, reducing efficiency and lifespan, while soft water can improve soap and detergent performance, making cleaning more effective. Understanding these differences is crucial for plumbing installation, maintenance, and consideration of water treatment needs.