What is considered a 'safe' temperature for hot water delivery to taps?

A safe temperature for hot water delivery to taps is considered to be below 60°C (140°F). This temperature is significant because it strikes a balance between preventing scalding injuries, especially in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly, and ensuring that the water is sufficiently hot for hygiene purposes, such as killing harmful bacteria in the water system.

While lower temperatures may further reduce the risk of scalding, they can also increase the potential for bacterial growth, particularly in systems where hot water isn't kept at high enough temperatures. Conversely, higher temperatures, such as those above 60°C, pose a greater risk of burns upon contact. Therefore, the 60°C limit is designed to maintain safety while allowing for effective sanitation in hot water systems.